The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has now been universally
acknowledged as a significant breakthrough in tumor therapy after the targeted treatment of …

Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid whose effects are triggered through the
enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Due to the rapid …

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy, and promotes cardiometabolic health. Loss
of BAT during obesity and ageing is a principal hurdle for BAT-centred obesity therapies, but …

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane proteins in
the human genome and are important therapeutic targets. During the last decade, the …

For hundreds of years, mankind has been influencing its sleep and waking state through the
adenosinergic system. For~ 100 years now, systematic research has been performed, first …

Adenosine is an evolutionary ancient metabolic regulator linking energy state to physiologic
processes, including immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Tumors create an adenosine …

Purinergic signalling, ie, the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was
proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when …

After more than two decades of preclinical and clinical studies, on August 27, 2019, the US
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist …

Adenosine is a key metabolic and immune-checkpoint regulator implicated in the tumor
escape from the host immune system. Major gaps in knowledge that impede the …

The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …