Because dysregulation and mutations of protein kinases play causal roles in human
disease, this family of enzymes has become one of the most important drug targets over the …

Both COPD and lung cancer are major worldwide health concerns owing to cigarette
smoking, and represent a huge, worldwide, preventable disease burden. Whilst the majority …

Platinum-based chemotherapy was previously the first-choice treatment for lung cancer. The
discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations and the development …

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has fundamental roles in normal physiology and
cancer, making it a rational target for cancer therapy. Surprisingly, however, inhibitors that …

Deregulated HER2 is a target of many approved cancer drugs. We analyzed 111,176 patient
tumors and identified recurrent mutations in HER2 transmembrane domain (TMD) and …

Dacomitinib (Vizimpro®) is an orally administered, small-molecule irreversible inhibitor of
HER1 (EGFR), HER2 and HER4 that was developed by Pfizer Inc. for the treatment of solid …

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have
dramatically improved progression-free survival in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) …

Osimertinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor
approved for treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations. Genetic …

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is caused by defective mismatch repair in 15–20% of
colorectal cancers (CRCs). Higher mutation loads in tumors with mismatch repair deficiency …

Simple Summary Multifactorial diseases are caused by a combination of genetic and
environmental factors and various risk factors that accumulate with age. Cardiovascular …