Estrogens have cell‐specific effects on a variety of physiological endpoints including
regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and activity. Estrogens regulate gene transcription by …

In the traditional theory of steroid action, steroids bind to intracellular receptors and
modulate nuclear transcription after translocation of steroid–receptor complexes into the …

Estrogen has direct and indirect effects on mitochondrial activity, but the mechanisms
mediating these effects remain unclear. Others reported that long-term estradiol (E2) …

In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and the
oestrogen receptor (ER) are coexpressed and the two signalling systems are engaged in a …

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death among both men and women in
developed countries. Coronary artery disease, the single most important component of …

High blood pressure (BP) ranks as the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The
increased cardiovascular risk determined in recent interventional studies has led the health …

Abstract 17β-Estradiol induces vasodilation in vitro and in vivo, which has been suggested
to contribute to the cardiovascular protection by this ovarian steroid hormone. However, the …

Cardiovascular disease remains a major cause of mortality among postmenopausal women.
After menopause, atherogenesis is promoted by a number of metabolic and vascular …

In the common theory of steroid action, steroids bind to intracellular receptors and modulate
nuclear transcription after translocation of steroid–receptor complexes into the nucleus. Due …

Objective Progestin addition to estradiol (E 2) replacement therapy may lead to a
deterioration of beneficial effects on the vasculature. The effect of the two clinically most …