Ferroptosis is a new form of nonapoptotic programmed cell death characterized by iron-
dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides to lethal levels. An increasing number of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating anticancer agents can act through two different
mechanisms:(i) elevation of endogenous ROS production in mitochondria, or (ii) …

Yolk–shell nanostructures (YSNs) composed of a core within a hollow cavity surrounded by
a porous outer shell have received tremendous research interest owing to their unique …

Abstract Singlet oxygen (1O2) has a potent anticancer effect, but photosensitized generation
of 1O2 is inhibited by tumor hypoxia and limited light penetration depth. Despite the potential …

As a new kind of porous material, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) are built from zinc
ions and 2-methylimidazolate and possess unique merits including high porosity, good …

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively studied within biomedicine due to their
biocompatibility and low toxicity. In particular, AuNPs have been widely used to deliver …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes photosensitizers (PSs) together with irradiation light of
specific wavelength interacting with oxygen to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species …

Currently, precision theranostics have been extensively demanded for the effective
treatment of various human diseases. Currently, efficient therapy at the targeted disease …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-stage treatment that implies the use of light energy,
oxygen, and light-activated compounds (photosensitizers) to elicit cancerous and …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancers is seriously restricted by tumor hypoxia. In addition
to the intrinsic hypoxic microenvironment, continuous photoirradiation further aggravates …