Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major and silent cause of various morbidity and
mortality for the fetal and neonatal population. It is defined as a rate of fetal growth that is …

Although individual behaviors have not been proven to have a strong influence on the risk of
preterm birth, consistent evidence suggests that a constellation of favorable lifestyle factors …

Premature birth is a significant global problem and the leading cause of newborn deaths.
Tobacco smoking has been associated with premature birth for over 50 years. The …

This review summarizes the level of epidemiologic evidence for relationships between
prenatal and/or early life exposure to environmental chemical contaminants and fetal, child …

It is important to focus on children with respect to air pollution because (1) their lungs are not
completely developed,(2) they can have greater exposures than adults, and (3) those …

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of adverse fetal outcomes of secondhand smoke
exposure in nonsmoking pregnant women. METHODS: This was a systematic review and …

Background. While active maternal tobacco smoking has well established adverse perinatal
outcomes, the effects of passive maternal smoking, also called environmental tobacco …

Objective: To determine the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on birth
outcomes. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance …

Background: Smoking during pregnancy has been associated with orofacial clefts in
numerous studies. However, most previous studies have not been able to assess the …

Increasing number of studies have investigated the impact of maternal exposure to air
pollution during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, particularly low birth weight (LBW,< …