Lactate oxidase (LOx) has attracted extensive interest in cancer diagnosis and therapy in
recent years owing to its specific catalysis on l‐lactate; its catalytic process consumes …

Lactate in tumors has long been considered “metabolic junk” derived from the glycolysis of
cancer cells and utilized only as a biomarker of malignancy, but is presently believed to be a …

Copper serves as a vital microelement which is widely present in the biosystem, functioning
as multi-enzyme active site, including oxidative stress, lipid oxidation and energy …

The immune system takes part in most physiological and pathological processes of the
body, including the occurrence and development of cancer. Immunotherapy provides a …

Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) showed limited clinical therapeutic efficiency
with chemotherapy for its multi-distributed lesions and hard-to-kill leukemia cells deep in the …

Metabolic reprogramming is one of fourteen hallmarks of tumor cells, among which aerobic
glycolysis, often known as the “Warburg effect,” is essential to the fast proliferation and …

Lactic acid is one of the most abundant products of cellular metabolism and has historically
been considered a cell-damaging metabolic product. However, as research has deepened …

Increasing numbers of studies have shown that tumor cells prefer fermentative glycolysis
over oxidative phosphorylation to provide a vast amount of energy for fast proliferation even …

Cancer, a multifaceted and diverse ailment, presents formidable obstacles to traditional
treatment modalities. Nanotechnology presents novel prospects for surmounting these …

Cancer immunotherapy has become an established therapeutic paradigm in oncologic
therapy, but its therapeutic efficacy remains unsatisfactory in the majority of cancer patients …