Background Depression is highly related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet no effective
treatment is available. Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) has been considered a promising …

Abstract Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors can prevent the breakdown of the
second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and improve cognitive …

Rationale Cyclic AMP signaling plays an important role in memory loss associated with
Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about whether inhibition of …

Abstract Thus far, phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors have not been approved for
application in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a clinical setting due to severe side effects, such …

Abstract β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides play an important role in cognition deficits,
neuroinflammation, and apoptosis observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Activation of cyclic …

Background Alzheimer disease (AD) and depression often cooccur, and inhibition of
phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) has been shown to ameliorate neurodegenerative illness …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive deficits and synaptic
dysfunction. Over the last decade phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs) have received …

Abstract Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors (PDE4-Is) have received increasing attention
as cognition-enhancers and putative treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). By …

Elevated levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and
inflammation are pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Phosphodiesterase 7 …

Memory loss, synaptic dysfunction, and accumulation of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ) are major
hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Downregulation of the nitric oxide/cGMP/cGMP …