Research over the past decade has shown that quantifying spatial variation in ecosystem
properties is an effective approach to investigating the effects of environmental change on …

Environmental scientists are increasingly concerned not only with explaining the present,
but with antici-pating the future. An understanding of the past is vital to both concerns …

Palaeoecology involves analysis of fossil and sub-fossil evidence preserved within
sediments to understand past species distributions, habitats and ecosystems. However …

Indicators to predict ecosystem state change are urgently needed to cope with the
degradation of ecosystem services caused by global change. With the development of new …

The need for long-term studies to understand ecological dynamics is widely recognized but
has not been satisfactorily addressed to date. The development of “long-term”(LT) …

Two fundamental axes–space and time–shape ecological systems. Over the last 30 years
spatial ecology has developed as an integrative, multidisciplinary science that has improved …

The complex web of interactions between ecological communities and the physical
landscape (biogeomorphology) is being affected by the global scale environmental changes …

Trait-based approaches have long been a feature of physiology and of ecology. While the
latter fields drifted apart in the twentieth century, they are converging owing at least partly to …

Priority question exercises are becoming an increasingly common tool to frame future
agendas in conservation and ecological science. They are an effective way to identify …

Earth is home to over 350,000 vascular plant species that differ in their traits in innumerable
ways. A key challenge is to predict how natural or anthropogenically driven changes in the …