The decline in the fisheries of traditional marine species has been an incentive for the
diversification of today's aquaculture sector into the intensive rearing of many finfish species …

Cellular immune responses consist of innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune
mechanisms, where all leukocyte subpopulations are included. Among these are vital …

This chapter describes what is known about the main components and responses of the
innate and adaptive immune system of fish. The chapter first reviews the organs, cells and …

The innate immune system is the only defence weapon of invertebrates and a fundamental
defence mechanism of fish. The innate system also plays an instructive role in the acquired …

Innate immune response is a primitive form of defense mechanism existent in plants and
animals. It is a complex system which, in vertebrates, is composed of cellular and humoral …

The purpose of this chapter is to provide readers with a general overview of the fish immune
system, including commonalities and particularities in comparison with higher vertebrate …

The immune system can be defined as a complex system that protects the organism against
organisms or substances that might cause infection or disease. One of the most fascinating …

Immune systems protect animals from threats by parasites, bacteria and viruses. Most of
what we know today about the composition, function and regulation of the two fundamental …

The immune system of fish is very similar to vertebrates, although there are some important
differences. Fish are free-living organisms from the embryonic stage of life in their aquatic …

Fish, as the first vertebrate group appearing in evolution after adaptive radiation during the
Devonic period, still represent the most successful and diverse group of vertebrates. This …