Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the basic signaling receptors of the innate immune system.
They are activated by molecules associated with pathogens or injured host cells and tissue …

Mammalian Toll-like receptors recognize components of invading microbes and trigger the
first line of innate immune response that is mediated by transcriptional induction of a large …

Studies involving Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-deficient mice suggest that this receptor binds
double-stranded RNA. In the present study, we analyzed ligand/receptor interactions and …

The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-and damage-associated molecular
patterns using pattern-recognition receptors that activate a wide range of signalling …

Endosomal Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) serves as a sensor of viral infection and sterile tissue
necrosis. Although TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA, little is known about structural …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical roles in bridging the innate and adaptive immune
responses. The human TLR3 recognizes foreign-derived double-stranded RNA and …

Double-stranded (ds) RNA, a common product of viral infection, can induce transcription of
many cellular genes, including the 561 gene that encodes P56, a regulator of protein …

Summary Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) sensor in innate
immunity and also responds to guanosine and chemical ligands, such as imidazoquinoline …

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 was established and
its effect on TLR3-mediated responses was tested using human fibroblast cell lines …

Abstract Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) mediates innate responses by responding to viral RNA
in endocytic compartments. However, the molecular pattern recognised by TLR7 and …