A survey of large language models

WX Zhao, K Zhou, J Li, T Tang, X Wang, Y Hou… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2023 - arxiv.org
Language is essentially a complex, intricate system of human expressions governed by
grammatical rules. It poses a significant challenge to develop capable AI algorithms for …

Datasets for large language models: A comprehensive survey

Y Liu, J Cao, C Liu, K Ding, L Jin - arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.18041, 2024 - arxiv.org
This paper embarks on an exploration into the Large Language Model (LLM) datasets,
which play a crucial role in the remarkable advancements of LLMs. The datasets serve as …

Large language models demonstrate the potential of statistical learning in language

P Contreras Kallens… - Cognitive …, 2023 - Wiley Online Library
To what degree can language be acquired from linguistic input alone? This question has
vexed scholars for millennia and is still a major focus of debate in the cognitive science of …

A survey on evaluation of large language models

Y Chang, X Wang, J Wang, Y Wu, L Yang… - ACM Transactions on …, 2024 - dl.acm.org
Large language models (LLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and
industry, owing to their unprecedented performance in various applications. As LLMs …

Large language models: A survey

S Minaee, T Mikolov, N Nikzad, M Chenaghlu… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
Large Language Models (LLMs) have drawn a lot of attention due to their strong
performance on a wide range of natural language tasks, since the release of ChatGPT in …

[HTML][HTML] A survey of GPT-3 family large language models including ChatGPT and GPT-4

KS Kalyan - Natural Language Processing Journal, 2023 - Elsevier
Large language models (LLMs) are a special class of pretrained language models (PLMs)
obtained by scaling model size, pretraining corpus and computation. LLMs, because of their …

An empirical analysis of compute-optimal large language model training

J Hoffmann, S Borgeaud, A Mensch… - Advances in …, 2022 - proceedings.neurips.cc
We investigate the optimal model size and number of tokens for training a transformer
language model under a given compute budget. We find that current large language models …

Frugalgpt: How to use large language models while reducing cost and improving performance

L Chen, M Zaharia, J Zou - arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.05176, 2023 - arxiv.org
There is a rapidly growing number of large language models (LLMs) that users can query for
a fee. We review the cost associated with querying popular LLM APIs, eg GPT-4, ChatGPT …

Baichuan 2: Open large-scale language models

A Yang, B Xiao, B Wang, B Zhang, C Bian… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2023 - arxiv.org
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on a variety of
natural language tasks based on just a few examples of natural language instructions …

Confident adaptive language modeling

T Schuster, A Fisch, J Gupta… - Advances in …, 2022 - proceedings.neurips.cc
Recent advances in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have led to
significant performance improvements across many tasks. These gains come with a drastic …