We sequenced the genome of a Neandertal from Chagyrskaya Cave in the Altai Mountains,
Russia, to 27-fold genomic coverage. We show that this Neandertal was a female and that …

Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population
history and relationship to modern humans 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, but the social organization of …

Little is known about the population history of Neandertals over the hundreds of thousands
of years of their existence. We retrieved nuclear genomic sequences from two Neandertals …

Modern humans expanded into Eurasia more than 40,000 years ago following their
dispersal out of Africa. These Eurasians carried~ 2–3% Neanderthal ancestry in their …

Neanderthals are thought to have disappeared in Europe approximately 39,000–41,000
years ago but they have contributed 1–3% of the DNA of present-day people in Eurasia …

We present the DNA sequence of 17,367 protein-coding genes in two Neandertals from
Spain and Croatia and analyze them together with the genome sequence recently …

Ancient genomes have revolutionized our understanding of Holocene prehistory and,
particularly, the Neolithic transition in western Eurasia. In contrast, East Asia has so far …

The origin of contemporary Europeans remains contentious. We obtained a genome
sequence from Kostenki 14 in European Russia dating from 38,700 to 36,200 years ago …

Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of
Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft …

The presence of Neandertals in Europe and Western Eurasia before the arrival of
anatomically modern humans is well supported by archaeological and paleontological data …