Megapixel time-gated SPAD image sensor for 2D and 3D imaging applications

K Morimoto, A Ardelean, ML Wu, AC Ulku, IM Antolovic… - Optica, 2020 - opg.optica.org
We present a 1 Mpixel single-photon avalanche diode camera featuring 3.8 ns time gating
and 24 kfps frame rate, fabricated in 180 nm CMOS image sensor technology. We designed …

A CMOS SPAD imager with collision detection and 128 dynamically reallocating TDCs for single-photon counting and 3D time-of-flight imaging

C Zhang, S Lindner, IM Antolovic, M Wolf, E Charbon - Sensors, 2018 - mdpi.com
Per-pixel time-to-digital converter (TDC) architectures have been exploited by single-photon
avalanche diode (SPAD) sensors to achieve high photon throughput, but at the expense of …

Two-dimensional SPAD imaging camera for photon counting

F Guerrieri, S Tisa, A Tosi, F Zappa - IEEE Photonics Journal, 2010 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Many demanding photonic applications require the acquisition of images at very low light-
level conditions and at high speed. Advanced imagers available on the market are generally …

3.2 megapixel 3D-stacked charge focusing SPAD for low-light imaging and depth sensing

K Morimoto, J Iwata, M Shinohara… - 2021 IEEE …, 2021 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
We present a new generation of scalable photon counting image sensors, featuring zero
read noise and 100ps temporal resolution. Newly proposed charge focusing single-photon …

Architecture and applications of a high resolution gated SPAD image sensor

S Burri, Y Maruyama, X Michalet, F Regazzoni… - Optics express, 2014 - opg.optica.org
We present the architecture and three applications of the largest resolution image sensor
based on single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) published to date. The sensor …

SPAD smart pixel for time-of-flight and time-correlated single-photon counting measurements

F Villa, B Markovic, S Bellisai, D Bronzi… - IEEE Photonics …, 2012 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
We present a smart pixel based on a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) for advanced
time-of-flight (TOF) and time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) applications …

100 000 frames/s 64× 32 single-photon detector array for 2-D imaging and 3-D ranging

D Bronzi, F Villa, S Tisa, A Tosi, F Zappa… - IEEE journal of …, 2014 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
We report on the design and characterization of a multipurpose 64× 32 CMOS single-photon
avalanche diode (SPAD) array. The chip is fabricated in a high-voltage 0.35-μm CMOS …

A , 100-kfps, 61% Fill-Factor SPAD Image Sensor for Time-Resolved Microscopy Applications

I Gyongy, N Calder, A Davies… - … on Electron Devices, 2017 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
A 256× 256 single-photon avalanche diode image sensor operating at 100kfps with fill factor
of 61% and pixel pitch of 16 μm is reported. An all-nMOS 7T pixel allows gated operation …

Backside illuminated SPAD image sensor with 7.83 μm pitch in 3D-stacked CMOS technology

T Al Abbas, NAW Dutton, O Almer… - 2016 IEEE …, 2016 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
We present the first 3D-stacked backside illuminated (BSI) single photon avalanche diode
(SPAD) image sensor capable of both single photon counting (SPC) intensity, and time …

A review of single-photon avalanche diode time-of-flight imaging sensor arrays

F Piron, D Morrison, MR Yuce… - IEEE Sensors …, 2020 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Time-of-flight (ToF) sensors using light pulses or continuous waves allow accurate distance
measurements. Three-dimensional imagers can be based on an array of timing or time …