Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal malignancy with a rapidly increasing
morbidity and mortality rate gradually. RCC has a high mortality rate and an extremely poor …

Background: Treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has undergone significant
changes over the past 3 years after a long period of relative stagnation. A better …

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a disease with a variable natural history, sometimes
presenting with a very indolent course and other times with an aggressive clinical course …

The management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has undergone rapid and radical evolution
over the last few years. An improved understanding of the underlying biology of RCC has …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis. VEGF
expression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is mostly regulated by hypoxia …

The discovery of the molecular mechanisms underlying development of renal cell carcinoma
have allowed for the development of novel targeted therapy for treatment of this disease …

Importance of the field: The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has evolved
significantly over the past 5 years and targeted therapy has become the standard of care …

In the past several years, significant advances in the underlying biological mechanisms of
renal cell cancer, particularly the role of tumour angiogenesis, have permitted the design of …

The management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has changed
dramatically over the past few years. Nephrectomy remains an important intervention for …

Cytokine therapies have been the standard of care in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
However, these agents only provide clinical benefit to a small subset of patients and are …