Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed
countries of the world. Pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and toxins can significantly contribute to …

Drug-induced vascular injury in animals has been a topic of intense discussion and debate
in the toxicology, clinical, and regulatory arena for the past 25 years. A lack of understanding …

Unexpected cardiac adverse effects are the leading causes of discontinuation of clinical
trials and withdrawal of drugs from the market. Since the original observations in the mid …

Cardiovascular diseases are among the most significant causes of mortality in humans.
Pesticides toxicity and risk for human health are controlled at a European level through a …

The incidence of drug‐induced structural cardiotoxicity, which may lead to heart failure, has
been recognized in association with the use of anthracycline anti‐cancer drugs for many …

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy is a frequent disease responsible for 40–50% of cases
of heart failure. Idiopathic cardiomyopathy is a primary disorder often related to …

The heart is a target organ for oxidative stress-related injuries. Because of its very high
energetic metabolic demand, the heart has the highest rate of production of reactive oxygen …

Fourteen drugs have been removed from the market worldwide because they cause torsade
de pointes. Most drugs that cause torsade can be identified by assessing whether they block …

Biological therapeutic agents (biologicals), such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), are
increasingly important in the treatment of human disease, and many types of biologicals are …

Given that cardiovascular safety liabilities remain a major cause of drug attrition during
preclinical and clinical development, adverse drug reactions, and post‐approval withdrawal …