Placebos are indispensable controls in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and placebo
responses significantly contribute to routine clinical outcomes. Recent neurophysiological …

Placebo effects are often considered the effects of an “inert substance,” but that
characterization is misleading. In a broad sense, placebo effects are improvements in …

Our understanding of the mechanisms mediating or moderating the placebo response to
medicines has grown substantially over the past decade and offers the opportunity to …

Although placebos have long been considered a nuisance in clinical research, today they
represent an active and productive field of research and, because of the involvement of …

For many years, placebos have been conceptualised by their inert content and their use as
controls in clinical trials and treatments in clinical practice. Recent research demonstrates …

Our understanding of the placebo effect has deepened through intensive research activity
during recent years. It seems important to make a clear distinction between the placebo …

Scientific research indicates that open-label and dose-extending placebos (that patients
know are placebos) can elicit behavioral, biological, and clinical outcome changes. In this …

Drug trials often compare active drugs with inert placebos under double‐blind conditions.
This standard design is increasingly being questioned in light of recent progress in …

For many years, placebos have been defined by their inert content and their use as controls
in clinical trials and treatments in clinical practice. Recent research shows that placebo …

OBJECTIVE: Investigations of the effect of placebo are often challenging to conduct and
interpret. The history of placebo shows that assessment of its clinical significance has a real …