Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life‐threatening condition
caused by direct or indirect injury to the lungs. Despite improvements in clinical …

Lung alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells produce pulmonary surfactant (PS), consisting of proteins
and lipids. The lipids in PS are primarily responsible for reducing the air-fluid surface tension …

The severity and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) largely depends on a
patient's age. Adults over 65 years of age represent 80% of hospitalizations and have a 23 …

Purpose Multiple interventions have been tested in acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS). We examined the entire agenda of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) …

Drug dosing in critically ill patients is challenging due to the altered drug pharmacokinetics–
pharmacodynamics associated with systemic therapies. For many drug therapies, there is …

Background: Severe pneumonia caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is
characterized by inflammatory lung injury, progressive parenchymal stiffening and …

Several pre-clinical and clinical trials show that exogenous pulmonary surfactant has clinical
efficacy in inflammatory lung diseases, especially ARDS. By infecting type II alveolar cells …

A hypothesis concerning the potential utility of surfactant supplementation for the treatment
of critically ill patients with COVID-19 is proposed, along with a brief summary of the data in …

The emergence of a new coronavirus presents a huge risk to public health worldwide and
has spread widely amongst the human population. Since its emergence, the severe acute …

Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been proposed as treatments for
COVID-19. These drugs have been studied for many decades, primarily in the context of …