Several neurochemical systems converge in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to regulate cognitive
and motivated behaviors. A rich network of endogenous opioid peptides and receptors …

The claustrum has been linked to attention and sleep. We hypothesized that this reflects a
shared function, determining responsiveness to stimuli, which spans the axis of …

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is critical for the perception and unpleasantness of pain.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 It receives nociceptive information from regions such as the thalamus and …

Social factors have been shown to play a significant and lasting role in alcohol consumption.
Studying the role of social context on alcohol drinking is important to understand the factors …

Rationale and objectives Social factors play a critical role in human drug addiction, and
humans often consume drugs together with their peers. In contrast, in traditional animal …

The anatomical organization of the rodent claustrum remains obscure due to lack of clear
borders that distinguish it from neighboring forebrain structures. Defining what constitutes …

Background The claustrum (CLA), a subcortical area between the insular cortex and
striatum, innervates almost all cortical regions of the mammalian brain. There is growing …

As the cost of state-of-the-art scientific equipment is rising, the research funding in many
countries falling or stagnating, and the majority of funding still concentrating in few wealthy …