Opioid treatment of pain is generally safe with 0.5% or less events from respiratory
depression. However, fatalities are regularly reported. The only treatment currently available …

Opioids induce respiratory depression via activation of μ-opioid receptors at specific sites in
the central nervous system including the pre-Bötzinger complex, a respiratory rhythm …

Relief of acute pain during the immediate postoperative period is an important task for
anaesthetists. Morphine is widely used to control moderate-to-severe postoperative pain …

We have conducted a meta-analysis of the clinical effects of morphine and hydromorphone
to compare their benefit in analgesia. Embase and Medline were searched with an end-date …

IMPLICATIONS: Predisposing factors for opioid-related respiratory depression in patients
receiving tramadol include renal impairment and the genetic CYP2D6 variant that results in …

The human body is critically dependent on the ventilatory control system for adequate
uptake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide (CO 2). Potent opioid analgesics, through …

Although routine preoperative genotyping to identify children at risk and personalized opioid
use for pediatric perioperative pain management is still a distant reality, current known …

Ventilatory depression is a significant risk associated with the use of opioids. We assessed
whether opioid‐induced ventilatory depression can be selectively antagonized by an …

Opioids depress minute ventilation primarily by reducing respiratory rate. This results from
direct effects on the preBötzinger Complex as well as from depression of the …

Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) is a potentially fatal complication of treatment
with opioids. Little is known about patient-and case-related factors associated with OIRD …