After advanced age, female sex is the major risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease
(AD), the most common cause of dementia affecting over 24 million people worldwide. The …

Despite widespread sex differences in prevalence and presentation of numerous illnesses
affecting the human brain, there has been little focus on the effect of endocrine ageing. Most …

There are inconsistent reports regarding behavioral sex differences in the human navigation
literature. This meta-analysis quantifies the overall magnitude of sex differences in large …

Why do only some individuals develop pathological anxiety following adverse events? Fear
acquisition, extinction and return of fear paradigms serve as experimental learning models …

Traditionally sex hormones have been associated with reproductive and developmental
processes only. Since the 1950s we know that hormones can have organizational effects on …

Women constitute half of the world's population, yet neuroscience research does not serve
the sexes equally. Fifty years of preclinical animal evidence documents the tightly-coupled …

In this review we systematically summarize the effects of progesterone and synthetic
progestins on neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, myelination and six neurotransmitter systems …

Background: Hormonal contraceptive drugs are being used by adult and adolescent women
all over the world. Convergent evidence from animal research indicates that contraceptive …

Abstract Purpose of Review We examine recent studies that investigate the effects of
hormonal contraception on mood in different populations of women, including women in the …

Women that become mothers face notable physiological adaptations during this life-period.
Neuroimaging studies of the last decade have provided grounded evidence that women's …