Bone turnover markers (BTMs) are used widely, in both research and clinical practice. In the
last 20 years, much experience has been gained in measurement and interpretation of these …

Abstract Summary The National Bone Health Alliance (NBHA) recommends standardized
sample handling and patient preparation for C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) …

Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use reviews the medical eligibility criteria for
use of contraception, offering guidance on the safety and use of different methods for women …

BACKGROUND Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) reduce levels of androgen,
especially testosterone (T), by inhibiting ovarian and adrenal androgen synthesis and by …

Estrogens and progestogens influence the bone. The major physiological effect of estrogen
is the inhibition of bone resorption whereas progestogens exert activity through binding to …

Bone health, characterized by its mass, density, and microarchitectural qualities, is
maintained by a balanced system of remodeling. The lack of these qualities, caused by an …

BACKGROUND: Although a large amount of studies in the literature evaluated the effects of
hormonal contraception on bone, many questions remained still unclear, such as the effect …

Background Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injectable contraception may
decrease bone density and increase the risk for osteoporosis in later life. Prospective data …

Questions have been raised about the effects of progestogen-only contraceptive use on
bone health, particularly among young women who have not yet reached peak bone mass …

Objective Many women use combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) during adolescence
during which they are accruing peak areal bone mineral density (BMD) that relates to …