Overdose deaths are often viewed as the leading edge of the opioid epidemic which has
gripped the United States over the past two decades (Skolnick, 2018a). This emphasis is …

In ligand bias different agonist drugs are thought to produce distinct signaling outputs when
activating the same receptor. If these signaling outputs mediate therapeutic versus adverse …

Morphine and fentanyl are among the most used opioid drugs that confer analgesia and
unwanted side effects through both G protein and arrestin signaling pathways of μ-opioid …

Drug overdoses from opioids and stimulants are a major cause of mortality in the United
States. It is unclear if there are stable sex differences in overdose mortality for these drugs …

Objectives This narrative review summarizes literature on pharmaceutical fentanyl's
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion patterns to inform research on illicitly …

The opioid crisis in the United States is primarily driven by the highly potent synthetic opioid
fentanyl leading to> 70,000 overdose deaths annually; thus, new therapies for fentanyl …

Buprenorphine induction for treating opioid use disorder is being implemented in
emergency care. During this era of high-potency synthetic opioid use, novel and divergent …

Drugs acting at the opioid receptor family are clinically used to treat chronic and acute pain,
though they represent the second line of treatment behind GABA analogs, antidepressants …

Precision medicine, particularly therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), is essential for
optimizing drug dosage and minimizing toxicity. However, current TDM methods have …

Currently approved pharmacotherapies for opioid use disorders (OUDs) and overdose
reversal agents are insufficient to slow the spread of OUDs due to the proliferation of …