Pethidine is the only member of the opioid family that has clinically important local
anaesthetic activity in the dose range normally used for analgesia. Pethidine is unique as …

In< 25 years, intrathecal administration of opioids (ie spinal analgesia) has evolved from an
experimental model into an important therapy for obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia. A …

Introduction: Intrathecal (IT) drug therapy is an effective treatment option for patients with
chronic pain of malignant or nonmalignant origin, with an established safety profile and …

Eighty patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy under general anaesthesia were
randomly divided into four groups to study the dose‐response relationship of intrathecal …

The aim of this work was to study the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bioavailability and
pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine (BUP) and lidocaine (LID) administered separately in …

Since the discovery of STING in 2008, numerous studies have investigated its functions in
immunity, inflammation, and cancer. STING activates downstream molecules including IFN-I …

The discovery of opioid receptors has opened new horizons in pain management. By
bypassing the blood and the blood–brain barrier, small doses of opioids administered in …

Background This study defines the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics of
neostigmine after intrathecal injection in humans and its effect on CSF acetylcholine, and it …

Different characteristics of patients and local anaesthetic formulations will influence the
spread of spinal anaesthesia. The predictability of the spread of spinal anaesthesia can be …

Background The extent and duration of respiratory depression after opioid administration
are poorly defined in infants and children. Methods The disposition and respiratory effects of …