Opioid binding to the cerebral blood vessels may affect vascular responsiveness and hence
confound interpretation of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses, which are …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides an indirect reflection of neural
activity change in the working brain through detection of blood oxygenation level dependent …

The effect of the basal cerebral blood flow (CBF) on both the magnitude and dynamics of the
functional hemodynamic response in humans has not been fully investigated. Thus, the …

Previous fMRI studies of the cerebrovascular response to hypercapnia have shown signal
change in cerebral gray matter, but not in white matter. Therefore, the objective of the …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques using the blood-oxygen level-
dependent (BOLD) signal have shown great potential as clinical biomarkers of disease …

Most functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in animals are conducted under
anesthesia to minimize motion artifacts. However, methods and techniques have been …

Hypercapnia is often used as vasodilatory challenge in clinical applications and basic
research. In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), elevated CO2 is applied to …

Hyperoxia is present in many anaesthesia protocols used in animal blood oxygen level-
dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. However, little …

Although functional MRI (fMRI) based on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal
changes is a sensitive tool for mapping brain activation, quantitative studies of the …

Previous studies showed noxious unilateral forepaw electrical stimulation surprisingly
evoked negative blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD), cerebral blood flow (CBF) …