Studies of the brain mechanisms of addictive drug actions suggest a two-factor model of
addiction. First, all addictive substances are argued to have psychomotor stimulant …

In summary, the nucleus accumbens, located at the interface of the limbic projections from
the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex, and receiving extrapyramidal fibers from …

The role of opiate receptors in the periaqueductal grey and nucleus accumbers in
maintenance of intravenous herion self-administration was examined by means of …

We have previously reported that opiates acting on peripheral receptors produce aversive
effects whereas opiates acting on central brain receptors produce rewarding effects [1]. The …

Psychomotor stimulants (eg cocaine and amphetamine) and many antidepressants are
believed to elicit their psychotropic actions by interacting primarily with central …

The conditioned place preference paradigm was used to investigate the neurochemical and
neuroanatomical substrates which mediate the rewarding properties of diazepam. The …

Three experiments were performed to determine if stimuli previously paired with the
reinforcing effects of fentanyl elicit changes in the activity of dopaminergic neurons that are …

Midbrain dopaminergic pathways and opioid receptor systems have been implicated in the
reward experienced in electrical intracranial self-stimulation behavior. In the present …

Investigations of both the direct and indirect neurobiological effects of acute and chronic
cocaine administration may lead to a greater understanding of compulsive drug use and …

Cocaine produces effects similar to many other drugs classified as psychomotor stimulants.
For example, cocaine possesses both anorectic and psychostimulant properties and, as a …