I. Introduction U NTIL 35 yr ago, most scientists did not take research on the pineal gland
seriously. The decade beginning in 1956, however, provided several discoveries that laid …

The photoperiodic message that the pineal gland conveys to the organism is encoded in the
circadian melatonin rhythm. Melatonin is a ubiquitously acting hormone that mediates …

The environmental photoperiod regulates the synthesis of melatonin by the pineal gland,
which in turn induces daily and seasonal adjustments in behavioral and physiological state …

The purpose of this study was to test the phase-shifting and entraining effects of melatonin in
human subjects. Five totally blind men were found in a previous study to have free-running …

Threads of evidence from recent experimentation in retinal morphology, neurochemistry,
electrophysiology, and visual perception point toward rhythmic ocular processes that may be …

3. Central nervous system binding sites (receptors) for melatonin..................................................
..................................... 3.1. The median eminence/pars tuberalis (MJWT) …

Hormones are secreted with circhoral, circadian and seasonal periodicities. Circhoral
pulsatility is a temporal code, many chronic and acute changes in neuroendocrine status …

The body temperature, heart rate and rest-activity cycles of 12 low-risk preterm infants (29–
35 weeks) were continuously recorded in the neonatal intensive care unit over a period of 1 …

A human PET study was performed with carbon-11 labelled melatonin in a healthy
volunteer. Plasma pharmacokinetics of melatonin and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin were …

Hormones, serum proteins, and enzymes have been used as drugs ever since the
commercial introduction of insulin, thyroid hormone, and factor VIII from 1920 through 1940 …