It has become increasingly recognized that the major functional deficits following brain
damage are largely due to 'negative'features such as weakness and loss of dexterity rather …

Thirty patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) were randomly selected to participate in this
study which evaluated the inter rater reliability of the original and of the modified Ashworth …

Objective: To compare pendulum test data obtained using an electrogoniometer with data
obtained by videotape. The issue of video digitization error was also addressed. Design …

Clinical evaluation of spasticity was performed in lower extremities in 35 ambulatory multiple
sclerosis patients and compared with the soleus stretch reflex and the Hoffman reflex. There …

The displacement of the paretic elbow of hemiparetic patients into flexion during walking is
an acknowledged associated reaction characteristic of upper limb spasticity. The main …

Reports on ongoing work in the modeling of the leg drop pendulum test as a means of
assessment in spastic cerebral palsy. In previous papers it was demonstrated that a passive …

A neuromuscular dynamic model has been developed to simulate the pendulum test of
spasticity. The model contains detailed nonlinear dynamics of muscle force generation and …