A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales as measures of spasticity

AD Pandyan, GR Johnson, CIM Price… - Clinical …, 1999 - journals.sagepub.com
Background: The Ashworth Scale and the modified Ashworth Scale are the primary clinical
measures of spasticity. A prerequisite for using any scale is a knowledge of its …

Treatment alternatives for spinal cord injury related spasticity

S Kirshblum - The journal of spinal cord medicine, 1999 - Taylor & Francis
Spasticity is a disorder of the motor system that occurs after injury to the central nervous
system, which may increase the disability of an individual with spinal cord injury (SCI) …

Muscle strengthening and physical conditioning to reduce impairment and disability in chronic stroke survivors

LF Teixeira-Salmela, SJ Olney, S Nadeau… - Archives of physical …, 1999 - Elsevier
Objective: To evaluate the impact of a program of muscle strengthening and physical
conditioning on impairment and disability in chronic stroke subjects. Design: A randomized …

Spasticity after traumatic spinal cord injury: nature, severity, and location

C Sköld, R Levi, Å Seiger - Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1999 - Elsevier
Objective: To assess spasticity in a prevalence population of persons with traumatic spinal
cord injury (SCI), and determine the degree of correspondence between self-reported …

Clinical use of the Odstock dropped foot stimulator: its effect on the speed and effort of walking

PN Taylor, JH Burridge, AL Dunkerley, DE Wood… - Archives of physical …, 1999 - Elsevier
Objective: To assess the clinical effectiveness of the Odstock dropped foot stimulator by
analysis of its effect on physiological cost index (PCI) and speed of walking. This functional …

Spasticity in rats with sacral spinal cord injury

DJ Bennett, M Gorassini, K Fouad, L Sanelli… - Journal of …, 1999 - liebertpub.com
We have investigated sacral spinal cord lesions in rats with the goal of developing a rat
model of muscular spasticity that is minimally disruptive, not interfering with bladder, bowel …

A clinical guide to assess the role of lower limb extensor overactivity in hemiplegic gait disorders

A Yelnik, T Albert, I Bonan, I Laffont - Stroke, 1999 - Am Heart Assoc
Background and Purpose—The aim of this study was to assess the role of knee and ankle
extensor overactivity in the hemiplegic gait observed in stroke victims and to propose a …

Correlation of spasticity with hyperactive stretch reflexes and motor dysfunction in hemiplegia

L Fu-Mei, S Mohamed - Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1999 - Elsevier
Objectives: To study the correlation between spasticity and motor dysfunction in the wrist-
hand unit of adult hemiplegic patients, and to investigate the correlation between clinical …

Corticospinal function in severe brain injury assessed using magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in man

SH Moosavi, PH Ellaway, M Catley, MJ Stokes… - Journal of the …, 1999 - Elsevier
We have assessed corticospinal function in 19 post-coma patients severely brain-injured by
anoxia or physical trauma. Eleven patients were unresponsive (Category 1) and eight …

Resistance to passive shoulder external rotation in persons with hemiplegia: evaluation of an assessment system

NF Mngoma, EG Culham, SD Bagg - Archives of physical medicine and …, 1999 - Elsevier
Objectives: To determine the LIDO Active System's reliability and validity in measuring
resistance to passive external rotation (RPER) of the shoulder in subjects who have …