The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is essential for peptide loading
onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules by translocating peptides …

Gene therapy aims at transferring a therapeutic gene into human somatic cells in order to
treat a disease. Originally addressed to hereditary genetic disorders, gene therapy has …

Maturation of dendritic cells (DC), leading to migration and increased T cell stimulatory
capacity, is essential for the initiation of immune responses. This process is triggered by a …

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that causes life-threatening
disease in patients who are immunosuppressed for bone marrow or tissue transplantation or …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major human pathogen causing mild to severe liver disease
worldwide. This positive strand RNA virus is remarkably efficient at establishing chronic …

Acute infection of cattle with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) represses cell-mediated
immunity, which can lead to secondary bacterial infections. Since BHV-1 can induce …

Cells respond to environmental stress and proinflammatory cytokines by stimulating the Jun
N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) and the p38 mitogen …

The complement system represents a cascade of serum proteins, which provide a major
effector function in innate immunity. Recent studies have revealed that complement links …

Cytomegaloviruses encode numerous functions that inhibit antigen presentation in the major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I pathway in vitro. One example is the mouse …

▪ Abstract Viruses are ubiquitous and dangerous obligate intracellular parasites. To facilitate
recognition of virus-infected cells by the immune system, vertebrates evolved a system that …