Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells with a unique ability to induce primary
immune responses. DCs capture and transfer information from the outside world to the cells …

The innate immune response is the first line of defence against infectious disease. The
principal challenge for the host is to detect the pathogen and mount a rapid defensive …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to participate in the recognition of pathogens by
the innate immune system, but it is not clear how a restricted family of receptors has the …

The innate immune system is an evolutionarily ancient form of host defense found in most
multicellular organisms. Inducible responses of the innate immune system are triggered …

Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family probably play a fundamental role in pathogen
recognition and activation of innate immunity. The present study used a systematic approach …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) family acts as pattern recognition receptors for pathogen-specific
molecular patterns. We previously showed that TLR2 recognizes Gram-positive bacterial …

Mutations of the mouse Lps locus abolish responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Positional
cloning work has revealed that Lps encodes the Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4), which functions …

LPS elicits several immediate proinflammatoy responses in peripheral blood leukocytes via
a recently described pathway including CD14, Toll-like receptors (TLR), serine-threonine …

The survival of multicellular organisms is dependent on their ability to recognize invading
microbial pathogens and to induce a variety of defense reactions. Recent evidence suggests …

Monocytes/macrophages exposed to LPS show reduced responses to second stimulation
with LPS, which is termed LPS tolerance. In this study, we investigated molecular …