Memory lends itself to study through its retrieval whether it is evaluated by the behavior of a
mouse in a swimming pool, a verbal report from a human subject, or inferred from an …

During active behavior, patterns of hippocampal and neocortical neuronal activity reflect
ongoing inputs and their contexts. Recent neurophysiological investigations have shown …

Simultaneous recording from large numbers of neurons is a prerequisite for understanding
their cooperative behavior. Various recording techniques and spike separation methods are …

The function of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep is still unknown. One prevailing
hypothesis suggests that REM sleep is important in processing memory traces. Here, using …

Songbirds learn a correspondence between vocal-motor output and auditory feedback
during development. For neurons in a motor cortex analog of adult zebra finches, we show …

The idea that sleep could serve a cognitive function has remained popular since Freud
stated that dreams were “not nonsense” but a time to sort out experiences [S. Freud, Letter to …

Behavioral studies of learning and memory in both humans and animals support a role for
sleep in the consolidation and integration of memories. The present study explored possible …

Interconnections between orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and basolateral amygdala (ABL) are
critical for encoding and using associative information about the motivational significance of …

The anatomical connectivity and intrinsic properties of entorhinal cortical neurons give rise
to ordered patterns of ensemble activity. How entorhinal ensembles form, interact, and …

Simple animal models have allowed biologists to apply the tools of modern molecular
genetics to such complex behaviors as circadian rhythms and long-term memory …