Self-administration of addictive drugs in laboratory animals has been widely used for
decades as a tool for studying behavioral, neurobiological, and genetic factors in addiction …

The dopaminergic innervation of the nucleus accumbens is generally agreed to mediate the
primary reinforcing and locomotor effects of psychostimulants, but there is less consensus …

The conditioning of the pharmacological actions of cocaine with environmental stimuli is
thought to be a critical factor in the long-term addictive potential of this drug. Cocaine-related …

The clinical literature suggests that exposure to environmental stimuli previously associated
with heroin availability may precipitate relapse. However, experimental studies elucidating …

Rationale: Second-order schedules of heroin self-administration provide a method of
measuring heroin-seeking behaviour independently of the effects of the drug on motor …

Rats suppress intake of a saccharin conditioned stimulus (CS) when paired with a drug of
abuse. This phenomenon, however, is not uniform across all subjects and is greater …

The reinstatement of extinguished cocaine self-administration behavior was studied in rats
pretreated with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists. Rats were trained to self …

The reinstatement model has been repeatedly used to study relapse to heroin-or cocaine-
seeking behaviour in rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate basic behavioral …

Male rats manifest an increase in sexual motivation following sexual experience. The current
experiment was devised to investigate the role of dopamine in this process by assessing …

The repeated, intermittent administration of psychomotor stimulant and opioid drugs causes
a progressive increase in certain drug effects. Termed sensitization, this phenomenon has …