Several studies have shown that activation of α2-adrenergic receptors (α2ARs) leads to mild
analgesic effects. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as desipramine (DMI), which block …

Our recent study demonstrated that ginsenosides had antinociceptive effects by reducing
some types of pain-related behavior in mice (Yoon et al., 1998. Ginsenosides induce …

It is known that spinal morphine produces antinociception that is modulated by alpha 2-
adrenoceptors. Endomorphin-1, a newly-isolated endogenous opioid ligand, shows the …

The α2 adrenergic receptor (AR) class of catecholamine/imidazoline (I) agonists, such as
norepinephrine and clonidine, produce spinal antinociceptive synergy when co …

The present studies assessed the role of Gzα and Goα in spinal α2 adrenergic receptor
agonist-induced antinociception, as well as in antinociceptive synergism between spinal …

Intrathecal (it) administration of spermine (0.1–10000 fmol), an endogenous polyamine,
produced the behavioural response mainly consisting of biting and/or licking of the hindpaw …

Acetic acid applied to the hindlimb of a frog evokes a vigorous wiping of the exposed skin.
The aim of this study was to determine if acetic acid evokes this wiping response by …

US6117879A - Methods of using moxonidine to inhibit nociceptive pain - Google Patents
US6117879A - Methods of using moxonidine to inhibit nociceptive pain - Google Patents …

Background and purpose: The regulation of blood glucose is one of the complex
phenomenon which is affected by several hormonal and neural systems. Beside hormonal …

The pretectal complex has been well established to be associated with the visual system
and the modulation of pupillary and optokinetic reflexes. However, a growing body of …