The use of plants for medicinal purposes dates back thousands of years but genetic
engineering of plants to produce desired biopharmaceuticals is much more recent. As the …

Possible target proteins of chloroplast thioredoxin (Trx) have been investigated in the stroma
lysate of spinach chloroplasts. For that purpose, we immobilized a mutant of m-type Trx in …

The B subunits of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (LTB) and cholera toxin of Vibrio cholerae
(CTB) are candidate vaccine antigens. Integration of an unmodified CTB-coding sequence …

Thioredoxins are 12-kDa proteins functional in the regulation of cellular processes
throughout the animal, plant, and microbial kingdoms. Growing evidence with seeds …

Light controls the translation of several mRNAs in fully developed chloroplasts via at least
two regulatory pathways. In the first, the light signal is transduced as a thiol-mediated signal …

In the chloroplast of higher plants, two types of thioredoxins (TRX), namely TRX m which
shows high similarity to prokaryotic thioredoxins and TRX f which is more closely related to …

The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC4. 1.1. 31) for the C4
photosynthesis is known to be regulated mainly in response to light/dark transitions through …

Abstract Arabidopsis (ecotype Columbia-0) genes, AtDEF1 and AtDEF2, represent
eukaryotic homologs of the essential prokaryotic gene encoding peptide deformylase. Both …

Chloroplast fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is activated by reduction of a regulatory
disulfide through thioredoxin f (Trx f). In the course of this reduction a transient mixed …

The demonstration that thioredoxin could function in regulation grew out of CO 2
assimilation experiments initiated more than thirty years ago with isolated chloroplasts. This …