The retina, like many other central nervous system structures, contains a huge diversity of
neuronal types. Mammalian retinas contain approximately 55 distinct cell types, each with a …

Bipolar cells in the mammalian retina are postsynaptic to either rod or cone photoreceptors,
thereby segregating their respective signals into parallel vertical streams. In contrast to the …

The listing of cell types present in the retina is nearing completion, the first time this can be
said for any significantly complex sample of the central nervous system. Mammalian retinas …

The receptive field of the Y-ganglion cell comprises two excitatory mechanisms: one
integrates linearly over a narrow field, and the other integrates nonlinearly over a wide field …

The receptive field (RF) of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) consists of an excitatory central
region, the RF center, and an inhibitory peripheral region, the RF surround. It is still unknown …

Transmitter release in neurons is thought to be mediated exclusively by high-voltage-
activated (HVA) Ca 2+ channels. However, we now report that, in retinal bipolar cells, low …

In the macaque monkey retina cone pedicles, the output synapses of cone photoreceptors,
contain between 20 and 45 ribbon synapses (triads), which are the release sites for …

Rod bipolar (RB) cells of the mammalian retina release glutamate in a graded, light-
dependent fashion from 20 to 40 ribbon synapses (dyads). At the dyads, two classes of …

We perceive motion when presented with spatiotemporal changes in contrast (second-order
cue). This requires linear signals to be rectified and then summed in temporal order to …

Physiological consequences of early stages of photoreceptor degeneration were examined
in heterozygous P23H rhodopsin transgenic (Tg) and in aging normal Sprague–Dawley rats …