Abstract In 1977, Mason and Williams developed the concept of the alveolar epithelial type II
(AE2) cell as a defender of the alveolus. It is well known that AE2 cells synthesise, secrete …

Pulmonary surfactant is a barrier material of the lungs and has a dual role: firstly, as a true
surfactant, lowering the surface tension; and secondly, participating in innate immune …

Surfactant reduces surface tension at the air–liquid interface of lung alveoli. While
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (PC16: 0/16: 0) is its main component, proteins and other …

Pulmonary surfactant is a unique mixture of lipids and surfactant-specific proteins that covers
the entire alveolar surface of the lungs. Surfactant is not restricted to the alveolar …

The lung responds to a variety of insults in a remarkably consistent fashion but with
inconsistent outcomes that vary from complete resolution and return to normal to the …

In most eutherian mammals, cholesterol (Chol) comprises approximately 8–10 wt.% or 14–
20 mol.% of both alveolar and lamellar body surfactant. It is regarded as an integral …

For years, the so-called surfactant proteins (SPs) that were discovered in the phospholipid-
rich material designated pulmonary surfactant, were considered to be lung-specific. The fact …

As birds have tubular lungs that do not contain alveoli, avian surfactant predominantly
functions to maintain airflow in tubes rather than to prevent alveolar collapse. Consequently …

Richard E. Pattle contributed enormously to the biology of the pulmonary surfactant system.
However, Pattle can also be regarded as the founding father of comparative and …

Surfactant is present in the alveoli and conductive airways of mammalian lungs. The
presence of surface active agents was, moreover, demonstrated for avian tubular lungs and …