Cytokines constitute a significant portion of the immuno‐and neuromodulatory messengers
that can be released by activated microglia. By virtue of potent effects on resident and …

Recent attention has focused on the remarkable ability of adult stem cells to produce
differentiated cells from embryologically unrelated tissues. This phenomenon is an example …

The therapeutic potential of placental growth factor (PlGF) and its receptor Flt1 in
angiogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we report that PlGF stimulated angiogenesis and …

Objective—Atherosclerosis and restenosis after vascular injury are both characterized by
endothelial dysfunction, apoptosis, inappropriate endothelialization, and neointimal …

Reports have suggested that adult mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs) are capable of
transdifferentiating into cells with neural characteristics in the central nervous system …

Adult bone marrow (BM) contains cells capable of differentiating along hematopoietic (Lin+)
or non-hematopoietic (Lin−) lineages. Lin− hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have recently …

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous
system (CNS). As the tissue macrophage of the CNS, microglia have the potential to …

Induced prostanoid synthesis by cells associated with the cerebral vasculature has been
implicated in mediating immune system influences on the CNS, but the cell type (s) involved …

Background Macrophages, osteoclasts, dendritic cells, and microglia are highly specialized
cells that belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system. Functional and phenotypic …

There is now evidence that bone marrow (BM) can generate cells expressing neuronal
antigens in adult mouse brain. In the present study, we examined the spinal cord and dorsal …