In spite of improved antimicrobial therapy, bacterial meningitis still results in brain damage
leading to significant long-term neurological sequelae in a substantial number of survivors …

For the past 20 years it has become increasingly evident that cytokines play an important
role in both the normal development of the brain, acting as neurotrophic factors, and in brain …

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that appears in brain and cerebrospinal
fluid following peripheral immune challenges and central infections or injury. We examined …

Apolipoprotein E has been implicated in modifying neurological outcome after traumatic
brain injury, although the mechanisms by which this occurs remain poorly defined. To …

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most severe form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
in humans, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite successful treatment …

Caspase 1 plays a pivotal role in generating mature cytokine interleukin‐1β. Interleukin‐1β
is implicated as a mediator of pneumococcal meningitis, both in experimental models and in …

We recently demonstrated that substance P mediates increased permeability of brain
endothelium exposed to HIV-1 gp120. To test whether substance P is involved in immune …

A discussion of meningitis and encephalitis requires the use of superlatives. The clinical
presentation of these diseases can be among the most dramatic in all of pediatrics. The …

Bacterial penetration across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) into the central nervous system is
the first step in development of meningitis. The role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the …

We describe an immunosuppressed patient who developed myelopathy after transfusion
with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1–infected blood products during cardiac …