This study characterizes the receptor subtypes and investigates some of the mechanisms by
which glutamate, injected intraplantarly (i. pl.) into the mouse paw, produces nociception …

The interaction between electroacupuncture and an N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)
receptor antagonist,(DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid; AP5), or an (±)-α-Amino-3 …

There is extensive evidence that spinal excitatory amino acids (EAAs) like glutamate (Glu)
and aspartate (Asp) are important in the processing of nociceptive behaviors caused by …

We analyzed spinal metabolic pathway of nociceptin/orphanin FQ related to pain-
transmission or modulation in the both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Nociceptin was …

Purpose To examine excitatory amino acid (EAA) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of
patients on long-term morphine treatment for terminal cancer pain relief and to correlate …

The involvement of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-
methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)/kainate (KA) receptors in the induction of c-Fos and …

Previous research has demonstrated that intrathecal it morphine in a dose of 60.0 nmol into
the spinal subarachnoid space of mice can evoke nociceptive behavioral responses …

Sacral preganglionic neurons innervate the pelvic organs via a relay in the major pelvic
ganglion. Pudendal motoneurons innervate striated muscles and sphincters of the lower …

Recent research has focused on prostaglandins in the central nervous system and their
contribution to hyperalgesia and allodynia. This study sought to establish whether …

Pain hypersensitivity mechanistically results from two potential sources, peripheral
sensitization [1, 2] and central sensitization [3]. Peripheral sensitization is an increase in the …