Several studies indicate that organ failure is the leading cause of death in surgical patients.
An excessive inflammatory response followed by a dramatic paralysis of cell-mediated …

Mice injected with endotoxin develop endotoxaemia and endotoxin-induced death,
accompanied by the oxidative burst and overproduction of inflammatory mediators …

Macrophages (Mφ) play a key role in the pathogenesis of invasive meningococcal
infections. The roles of two pattern recognition molecules, the Mφ scavenger receptor (SR-A) …

A prospective observational study was done to derive performance characteristics for the
Glasgow Meningococcal Septicaemia Prognostic Score (GMSPS) and compare it with nine …

Objective Elevated procalcitonin concentrations are found in the course of systemic
inflammation caused by bacterial insults, for example, sepsis and septic shock. However, the …

Objective Our recent study indicates that administration of adrenomedullin (AM) in
combination with AM-binding protein-1 (AMBP-1) before sepsis (ie, pretreatment) maintains …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), one of the major inflammatory cytokines, is known to
influence endothelial cell migration. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure of calf …

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in several diseases.
Various effects of TNF‐α are mediated by the induction of a cellular state consistent with …

Objective To determine the plasma concentrations of lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis
factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in a homogeneous group of septic patients and to …

The clinical implications of increased cytokine levels after major surgery remain unclear. In
this study, systemic concentration of a spectrum of cytokines, including interleukins IL-6, IL-8 …