Objective. This report describes the consensus outcome of an interdisciplinary workshop
that was held at the National Institutes of Health in April 2001. The purpose of the workshop …

The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and magnitude of error of three lower-
limb clinical measures for children with cerebral palsy (CP): the Modified Ashworth Scale of …

Leonard CT, Deshner WP, Romo JW, SuojaES, Fehrer SC, Mikhailenok EL. Myotonometer
intra-andinterrater reliabilities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003; 84: 928–32. OBJECTIVES:: To …

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A, Botox)
dilution volume and post-injection exercise with electrical stimulation on muscle paralysis …

Tuzson AE, Granata KP, Abel MF. Spastic velocity threshold constrains functional
performance in cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003; 84: 1363–8. Objectives: To …

Lin CC, Ju MS, Lin CW. The pendulum test for evaluating spasticity of the elbow joint. Arch
Phys Med Rehabil 2003; 84: 69-74. Objective: To develop a modification of the pendulum …

Hypertonia of the elbow joint complex is common in individuals with stroke and is related to
the magnitude of the torque response (described by position dependent parameters) during …

PURPOSE: We examined the effects of ejaculation by penile vibratory stimulation on
bladder capacity in men with spinal cord lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Included in …

Spasticity is a clinical condition that may develop in people with central nervous system
injuries. It is believed that spasticity results from changes in the excitability of the stretch …

Upper extremity motor impairment is common following stroke and is due to changes in both
the central nervous and the musculoskeletal systems. Multiple aspects of stroke induced …