Over the past decade, a battery of powerful tools that encompass forward and reverse
genetic approaches have been developed to dissect the molecular and cellular processes …

We examined the encoding and decoding of odor identity and intensity by neurons in the
antennal lobe and the mushroom body, first and second relays, respectively, of the locust …

Genetically encoded probes for the optical imaging of excitable cell activity have been
constructed by fusing fluorescent proteins to functional proteins that are involved in …

Genetically encoded calcium indicators, such as cameleon, have offered the promise of
noninvasively monitoring activity of neurons, but no one has demonstrated whether these …

Selective two-photon excitation of fluorescent probe molecules using phase-only modulated
ultrashort 15-fs laser pulses is demonstrated. The spectral phase required to achieve the …

The Drosophila melanogaster subgroup has been the focus of numerous studies about
evolution. We address the question of how the olfactory code has evolved among the nine …

From nematodes to humans, animals employ neuromodulators like serotonin to regulate
behavioral patterns and states. In the nematode C. elegans, serotonin has been shown to …

Drosophila is by far the most advanced model to understand the complex biochemical
interactions upon which circadian clocks rely. Most of the genes that have been …

In insects, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are located in cuticular sensilla, that are
present on the antennae and on the maxillary palps. Their axons project into spherical …

Various genetically encoded fluorescent sensors that monitor changes in intracellular
calcium concentration have been developed over the last few years. The ability to target …