▪ Abstract Molecular tools have profoundly rearranged our understanding of metazoan
phylogeny. Initially based on the nuclear small ribosomal subunit (SSU or 18S) gene, recent …

Coral reef ecosystems are at the crossroads. While significant gaps still exist in our
understanding of how “normal” reefs work, unprecedented changes in coral reef systems …

A cladistic analysis of 87 morphological and life history characters of medusozoan
cnidarians, rooted with Anthozoa, results in the phylogenetic hypothesis (Anthozoa …

Mesoderm played a crucial role in the radiation of the triploblastic Bilateria, permitting the
evolution of larger and more complex body plans than in the diploblastic, non-bilaterian …

Plasma-membrane calcium pumps (PMCAs) are responsible for the expulsion of Ca2+ from
the cytosol of all eukaryotic cells and are one of the major transport systems involved in long …

Biodiversity and evolution of the Myxozoa Page 59 Biodiversity and Evolution of the Myxozoa
Elizabeth U. Canning1 and Beth Okamura2 1Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial …

The winged helix transcription factor Forkhead and the zinc finger transcription factor Snail
are crucially involved in germ layer formation in Bilateria. Here, we isolated and …

Abstract Statistical phylogenetic analyses of 111 5.8 S and partial-28S ribosomal DNA
sequences (total aligned length= 434 nucleotides) including jellyfishes representing …

Cnidarians living in symbiosis with photosynthetic cells—called zooxanthellae—are
submitted to high oxygen levels generated by photosynthesis. To cope with this hyperoxic …

This paper critically assesses all morphological cladistic analyses of the Metazoa that were
published during the last one and a half decades. Molecular and total evidence analyses …