Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem, with 2 billion people
infected worldwide, and 350 million suffering from chronic HBV infection. The 10th leading …

Estimates from the year 2000 indicate that liver cancer remains the fifth most common
malignancy in men and the eighth in women worldwide. The number of new cases is …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequent neoplasm worldwide (> 500,000
deaths/year), and in some areas of the world it represents the primary cause of cancer …

Infectious agents, mainly viruses, are among the few known causes of cancer and contribute
to a variety of malignancies worldwide. The agents and cancers considered here are human …

Childhood cancer is rare everywhere in the world, with age-standardized annual incidence
usually between 70 and 160 per million at age 0–14 years. Greater variation is seen …

A 25-year-old registered nurse comes for a visit to initiate prenatal care after receiving a
positive result on a pregnancy test. On review of her vaccination status, she reports that she …

A direct causal association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the development of
nephropathy remains controversial. Epidemiological studies have shown that chronic …

Last year, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened a gathering of experts, including
scientists, national regulatory authorities, industry representatives, epidemiologists and …

The incidence of liver cancer varies widely throughout the world, with high rates in sub–
Saharan Africa, eastern ‍and southeastern Asia, and Melanesia and a low incidence in …

Variable immune responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and recombinant HBV
vaccines have been associated with polymorphisms in several genes within the human …