Previous studies have identified several neuroadaptations to chronic drug use, but relatively
few have been functionally linked to addiction-related changes in drug-taking and-seeking …

Cocaine produces multiple neuroadaptations with chronic repeated use. Many of these
neuroadaptations can be reversed or normalized by extinction training during withdrawal …

Nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine is widely implicated in mediating the reinforcing
effects of drugs of abuse. However, the precise function of the NAc itself in drug self …

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been implicated in regulating anxiety,
stress responses, and the neurobehavioral effects of psychostimulants. The present study …

Background: Glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in drug‐environment
conditioning, but little is known about the role of glutamate in alcohol seeking maintained by …

Rationale Ketamine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that has
medical indications but is also used as a recreational drug. Previous research has found …

The effect of previous exposure to psychostimulants on the subsequent self-administration of
cocaine as well as reinstatement of this behavior by priming infusions of AMPA into the …

Chronic cocaine use in humans and animal models is known to lead to pronounced
alterations in glutamatergic function in brain regions associated with reinforcement. Previous …

Modern neuroscience provides a variety of explanatory schemes for understanding drug
addiction. Regardless of the particular approach used, however, considerations of causal …

The mesolimbic dopamine system is essential for reward‐seeking behavior, and drugs of
abuse perturb the normal functioning of this pathway. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a …