Viruses have evolved to enter cells from all three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea and
Eukaryotes. Of more than 3,600 known viruses, hundreds can infect human cells and most of …

In this review, we will discuss what is known, what is suspected, and what still remains
obscure about the central role played by coreceptor expression and usage in the …

The conserved surface of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein that binds to the HIV-1
coreceptor is protected from humoral recognition by multiple layers of camouflage. Here we …

When interacting with the CD4 receptor, the HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein undergoes
conformational changes that allow binding to the chemokine receptor. Receptor binding is …

Over the course of evolution, viruses have developed the ability to modulate a variety of host
cell signalling pathways. Inhibition of apoptosis, in particular, has become recognized as an …

The simplest peptide structural element is the peptide β-strand. The β-strand is a linear or
sawtoothed arrangement of amino acids with amide bonds being almost coplanar, side …

This survey of the cellular and anatomical sites of infection by human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) discusses the mechanisms of attachment of the virus to cells, the cellular …

We examined how asparagine-linked glycans within and adjacent to the V3 loop (C2 and
C3 regions) and within the immunologically silent face (V4, C4, and V5 regions) of the …

ABSTRACT BMS-806 and the related compound,# 155, are novel inhibitors of human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry that bind the gp120 exterior envelope …

Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) pose a potential stumbling block for therapeutic
xenotransplantation, with the greatest threat coming from viruses generated by …