primate research suggests that affiliation is a highly complex construct. studies of primate
affiliation demonstrate the need to distinguish between various affiliative behaviors, consider …

The transition from casual drug use to addiction, and the intense drug craving that
accompanies it, has been postulated to result from neuroadaptations within the limbic …

Laboratory models, both animal and human, have made enormous contributions to our
understanding of addiction. For addictive disorders, animal models have the great …

In rats, acute administration of SB‐277011A, a highly selective dopamine (DA) D3 receptor
antagonist, blocks cocaine‐enhanced brain stimulation reward, cocaine‐seeking behaviour …

Rationale Identifying the long-term neurocognitive sequelae of drug addiction may have
important implications for understanding the compulsive, chronically relapsing nature of this …

Background: Extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens (nAc) increase
after ethanol (EtOH) administration in the rat, a response that may be involved in the positive …

Accumulating evidence suggests that the endogenous cannabinoid system is involved in the
reinforcing effects of heroin. In rats intravenously self-administering heroin, we investigated …

Trust is a temporary attachment between humans that pervades our daily lives. Recent
research has shown that the affiliative hormone oxytocin rises with a social signal of …

Second-order schedules of reinforcement model complex chains of responding for rewards
such as food or drugs. Derived from studies of conditioned reinforcement, an important …

Rationale The rewarding effects of lateral hypothalamic brain stimulation, various natural
rewards, and several drugs of abuse are attenuated by D1 or D2 dopamine receptor (D1R or …