Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant substance, being self-administered
throughout a wide range of conditions and present in numerous dietary products. Due to its …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant and widely distributed neuropeptides in
the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). An overview of the distribution of the G …

The organization of the main dopaminergic cell groups in the brain, located in the ventral
mesencephalic tegmentum, and the circuits in which they are inserted are reviewed here …

The basal ganglia and cortex work in concert to orchestrate and execute planned behaviors.
Historically, the basal ganglia are best known for their motor functions. This association was …

The present study describes the thalamic innervation coming from the rat parafascicular
nucleus (PF) onto striatal and subthalamic efferent neurons projecting either to the globus …

Antipsychotic medications are used to treat a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders,
including schizophrenia, acute mania, drug-induced psychosis, Tourette's syndrome, and …

None of the receptor ligands studied: the dopamine D antagonist eticlopride, D/D antagonist
haloperidol, α-adrenergic antagonist prazosin, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK-801, 5 …

Speed and accuracy of responding to environmental events is modulated by expectation
and anticipation of the timing and location of stimuli, which in turn is determined by the prior …

Experimental dopamine (DA) depletion produces a compensatory augmented response to
DA D1 receptor agonism known as D1 supersensitization. Prolonged stimulation of …

Phasic dopamine (DA) transmission plays a critical role in the generation of movement.
Recent studies suggest that DA may activate nitric oxide (NO)-interneurons in the striatum …