Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism in humans. The final two reactions of its
production catalyzing the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and the latter to uric acid …

Oxidative stress is an important factor in many pathological conditions such as inflammation,
cancer, ageing and organ response to ischemia‐reperfusion. Humans have developed a …

Endogenous ligands from damaged cells, so-called damage-associated molecular pattern
molecules, can activate innate immunity via TLR4 signaling. Hepatic warm ischemia and …

Increasing evidence demonstrates that IL-6 has a protective role during liver injury. IL-6
activates intracellular pathways via the gp130 receptor. In order to identify IL-6–gp130 …

Although it is well documented that neutrophils are critical for the delayed phase of hepatic
ischemia-reperfusion injury, there is no direct evidence for a specific neutrophil-derived …

The inhibitor of NF-κB (I-κB) kinase (IKK) complex consists of 3 subunits, IKK1, IKK2, and NF-
κB e ssential m odulator (NEMO), and is involved in the activation of NF-κB by various …

INTRODUCTION: Ischaemic preconditioning (IP) has emerged as a powerful method of
ameliorating ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to the myocardium. This review investigates …

Background Ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) contributes significantly to the morbidity and
mortality of transplantation and major resection of the liver. Its severity is reduced by …

Acetaminophen (AAP) overdose and the resulting hepatotoxicity is an important clinical
problem. In addition, AAP is widely used as a prototype hepatotoxin to study mechanisms of …

The current study explored the concept that adult and pediatric populations differ in their
response to major injury. Male C57BL/6 mice of a “young adult”(8-12 weeks) or “mature …