Osteoarthritis is a painful and disabling disease that affects millions of patients. Its aetiology
is largely unknown, but is most likely multi-factorial. Osteoarthritis poses a dilemma: it often …

Leptin is 16 kDa adipokine that links nutritional status with neuroendocrine and immune
functions. Initially thought to be a satiety factor that regulates body weight by inhibiting food …

An adverse prenatal environment may induce long-term metabolic consequences, in
particular obesity and insulin resistance. Although the mechanisms are unclear, this …

Maintenance of human energy homeostasis is regulated by a complex network. Peptides
secreted from the gastrointestinal tract (GI) are signaling to the brain and other organs …

The function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the tissue that secretes it, the choroid
plexus (CP), has traditionally been thought of as both providing physical protection to the …

▪ Abstract Mammalian hibernation is a temporary suspension of euthermia allowing
endotherms to undergo reversible hypothermia and generate a marked savings in energy …

This study examined the independent and combined effects of diet and exercise on
adipocytokine and inflammatory cytokines in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes …

The physiology of lactation includes development of the mammary gland from the foetal to
the adult stage, further development during pregnancy and onset of lactation, with the …

Accumulating evidence exists that regular exercise offers protection against chronic
disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, dementia, and depression …

Seasonal changes in an animal's morphology, physiology, and behavior are considered to
be an adaptive strategy for survival and reproductive success. In the present study, we …